The area of Moscow Region reaches 300 km2, and in different places of this territory the conditions for gardening are significantly different. Stupinsky, Kashirsky, Domodedovo and several other areas of the southeast and southwest are best suited for growing the garden.
In these places, groundwater does not rise high, the soil is perfect for growing fruit trees, but in order to get a good harvest, it is necessary to plant regionalized apple varieties for the Moscow region.
Climate impact
In recent years, in the Moscow region, winter begins later, temperatures during this period are lower, often thaws. Maximum humidity falls in the winter. This is a favorable climate for growing garden plants in the country.
Ordinary varieties of apple trees bring a rich harvest every 2 years, in order to provide their family with vitamins, it is recommended to plant on the cultivar:
• 20% of trees are summer varieties;
• 30% of trees are medium varieties;
• 50% of the trees are late varieties.
The taste qualities of apples and their vitamin value make it possible to consider them a tasty and universal source of these essential substances. Apple trees are welcome in any area, for an attractive appearance, winter hardiness, early fruiting. From August to November, apples of different ripening periods are picked, one of the most important characteristics of the variety in our conditions is its resistance to low temperatures.
An important indicator of the variety is the ability of the tree's root system to withstand low temperatures. In winters with severe frosts, not only roots, but also branches and even trunks of plants can suffer. Mostly young apple trees and last year’s growth are affected. Even when planting winter-hardy trees, the garden can suffer in a snowy, frosty winter.
It is important to consider when the young tree comes into fruition, the stem and dwarf apple trees are mostly early-growing. When planting seedlings in the garden, you need to remember that it is necessary to choose different varieties of apple trees for the Moscow Region, as well as for other regions - these cross-pollinated plants and fruits can only be planted when pollinated by pollen from other trees.
Description of common apple varieties for Moscow region
There are many different varieties of apple trees, they differ in the shape of the crown, taste, ripening time. The famous breeder Michurin argued that it is better to choose undersized and dwarf apple varieties for the Moscow Region, for example, such as Zhigulevsky.
Zhigulevskoe
This is a quick-growing and stunted variety, it is able to please the first fruits at the age of 3-4 years. This apple with a sufficient amount of nutrients gives a crop annually, this is achieved with the help of powerful roots. The main root penetrates deep into the soil, and small roots occupy a large area, they extend far beyond the borders of the trunk circle, and can occupy an area of up to 80 m2. Intensive growth of new shoots in this variety.
It gives mid-season, large, red fruits with an orange tint, they have a strong skin, for this reason they are able, under favorable conditions, to lie in the basement until the end of winter. It requires good care, you can plant in a sealed way, and pick apples without the use of improvised means. High-standing groundwater does not affect the apple tree, this is a general difference between stunted apple trees and tall varieties. The life span of this tree is small, it basically does not exceed 20 years. So that this apple tree does not arrow, does not start to hurt and does not deplete the supply of strength, you need to regularly limit the amount of yield, leaving not too many fruits on the branches.
Moscow Grushovka
Another representative of the most suitable apple varieties for the Moscow region is Moscow Grushovka. This is a tall pyramidal tree created by folk breeders, yellow bark, shoots brownish-reddish. Small fruits ripen in summer, when the plant blooms, it attracts the eyes with pink, very large flowers. Unripe green apples, ripening, turn yellow with a pink blush, the fruits are sweet and sour, aromatic. Undemanding and productive trees with high resistance to frost are little grown in the suburbs, as their fruits are small.
Delight
This variety belongs to semi-dwarf trees, ripening in early autumn. The branches of the tree are brown, the bark is gray, the branches are prone to overgrowth, for this reason it is necessary to form the tree in time. Harvest and early variety, but medium-sized apples grow on it. They are slightly conical in red with raspberry stripes. The flesh is sweet and sour, fragrant near the skin of a pink hue with a raspberry smell. The variety is valued for its resistance to low temperatures and scab. It gives a wonderful harvest, but if the crown is thickened, the apples will begin to grow in different sizes.
Miraculous
Fruits of this variety can be found in almost any climatic zone where fruit trees can grow. This is a dwarf tree, which can even be called a creeping apple tree. Branches are located horizontally no higher than 1.5 meters. Large apples weighing up to 200 grams, yellow, sweet and sour. They are stored for about a month, they are spirited to Apple Savior, the apple tree bears its first fruits at the age of 3 years. It tolerates the winter period, is resistant to scab, responds well to top dressing. He suffers greatly from aphids; regular preventive measures should be taken against this pest.
Shtrifel
This is one of the oldest Baltic varieties, valued for its taste, the beauty of the tree and its high productivity. Large fruits ripen in autumn, at which time the apple tree looks unusually beautiful. A tree with a spreading powerful crown.
Thick and strong branches are able to withstand not only the crop, but also the weight of a large fruit picker, which can climb to the very top. The crown of the apple tree is spread over 8 meters and can rise to the same height. An apple tree of this variety quickly restores the shoots affected after a harsh winter. It bears the first fruits at the age of 9 years, the maximum yield occurs at 15 years, it is very affected by scab.
Lungwort
This apple tree variety for Moscow region is a real find for beginner gardeners. It is well resistant to various rot and scab, withstands a high location of groundwater. Apples ripen at the end of August, fruits with cream-colored pulp, weight 100 g, flat-rounded shape, the variety began to be called for the honey taste of apples. The crown is wide, the tree is prone to overgrowth. For this reason, proper pruning is required every year. It brings the first fruits at the age of 4 years, bears fruit up to 60 years, the old plant brings a small crop. Harvested apples can lie for 2 months.
